Description: This paper will provide demonstrations of the following three statements: That the calculation of principles-based reserves should ignore federal income taxes That the currently required statutory deferred tax calculation would need to be changed to permit an appropriate deferred tax asset to accompany such reserve so that the result can be correctly principles-based on a post-tax basis That the Tax DAC, pursuant to Section 848 of the Internal Revenue Code, is effectively a negative tax reserve.

Description: This paper introduces a rich stochastic modeling framework for understanding risks in multiple-decrement contracts. The example in the paper is a 20-year Term insurance contract. Not only are mortality and lapsation considered stochastic, but the parameters governing them are. For example, mortality risk is composed of four risk elements, including error generated in the underwriting process, volatility around the best estimate, catastrophic events that impact mortality, and the trend in mortality improvement or deterioration. When stochastically modeled, the relative contribution and risk profile of each risk element can be evaluated. Generating stochastic mortality results provides a distribution of results that an organization faces and the severity and incidence of the tail events.

Description: Retirement income can be provided by Social Security, employer-provided pension plans, personal savings and family support. With the growth of Social Security and employer-provided pensions, and the decline in birth rates and marriage rates, the role of families in the U.S. retirement system has declined.

Description: Charts for the 2009 Housing Wealth monograph paper, “The Financial Well-Being of American Retirees.” This paper presents the findings of a study which examines four age groups of retirees and how well they are meeting their financial needs and how much an effect real estate can have on meeting retirement expenses.

Description: COVID-19 Retirement Essay

Description: Muhlenkamp defines "risk" as the probability of losing purchasing power. This essay questions whether one year periods are appropriate to measure volatility. It proposes fundamental reason why equity returns exceed bond (or any other) investment class which is unrelated to statistical variances.

Description: I propose a Social Security deferral product and two annuity enhancements. Then I address the challenges in getting such products distributed.

Description: This paper is Part 1 of a two-part submission. Part 2, “An Alternative Approach to Capital Allocation,” discusses using risk-replicating techniques that directly calculate the cost of capital. Such techniques can be used as a substitute for capital allocation. This paper expands upon current capital analysis by introducing a practical approach that considers the objectives of all stakeholders of an insurance company in setting appropriate capital targets.

Description: Discusses interaction of phased retirement options and public policy, barriers and challenges, and provides a number of suggestions for improving public policy.

Description: This is one of eight essays from the collection: 2020 Living to 100 Essays.